10 Figures

  \begin{figure}
    \begin{center}
      \begin{picture}(142,80)
        \thicklines
        \put (0,72){Parameter}
        \put (20,72){Value: \textbf{RDKEYx},\textbf{WRKEYx}}
        \put (2,69){access}
        \put (20,64){Frame:}
        \put (39,64){Basic}
        \put (55,64){Data: \textbf{RDDATA, WRDATA}}
        \put (37,61){routines}
        \put (55,58){Descriptor}
        \put (76,58){complete: \textbf{CYDSCR}}
        \put (76,53){items}
        \put (91,53){values: \textbf{RDDSCR, WRDSCR}}
        \put (103,50){\textbf{ADDSCR, DLDSCR}}
        \put (91,45){names: \textbf{RDDSCN}}
        \put (37,40){\emph{IMAGE} type: \textbf{RDIMAG, WRIMAG}}
        \put (20,32){Error: \textbf{WRERR}}
        \put (0,25){Parameter: \textbf{CNPAR}}
        \put (2,22){control}
        \put (0,15){Utilities}
        \put (20,15){data conversion: \textbf{CTOx, xTOC}}
        \put (20,10){mapping control: \textbf{GETDYN, FRDATA}}
        \put (20,5){direct terminal I/O: \textbf{RDUSER, WRUSER}}
        \put (20,0){error handler: \textbf{STLERR}}
        \put (16,73){\line(1,0){4}}
        \put (18,65){\line(1,0){2}}
        \put (31,65){\line(1,0){8}}
        \put (47,65){\line(1,0){8}}
        \put (51,59){\line(1,0){4}}
        \put (71,59){\line(1,0){5}}
        \put (73.5,54){\line(1,0){2.5}}
        \put (84,54){\line(1,0){7}}
        \put (87.5,46){\line(1,0){3.5}}
        \put (35,41){\line(1,0){2}}
        \put (18,33){\line(1,0){2}}
        \put (12.5,16){\line(1,0){7.5}}
        \put (16,11){\line(1,0){4}}
        \put (16,6){\line(1,0){4}}
        \put (16,1){\line(1,0){4}}
        \put (16,16){\line(0,-1){15}}
        \put (18,73){\line(0,-1){40}}
        \put (35,65){\line(0,-1){24}}
        \put (51,65){\line(0,-1){6}}
        \put (73.5,59){\line(0,-1){5}}
        \put (87.5,54){\line(0,-1){8}}
      \end{picture}
      \caption{Functional analysis of INTERIM routines}
      \label{functional_analysis_of_interim_routine}
    \end{center}
  \end{figure}

LATEX OUTPUT


PICT

Figure 1: Functional analysis of INTERIM routines


  \begin{figure}
    \begin{center}
      \begin{picture}(70,50)
        \thicklines
        \put (0,0){\framebox(30,5){Help Libraries}}
        \put (40,0){\framebox(30,5){Human Help}}
        \put (0,20){\framebox(30,5){Help}}
        \put (0,40){\framebox(30,5){CAR}}
        \put (15,20){\vector(0,-1){15}}
        \put (15,40){\vector(0,-1){15}}
        \put (55,12.5){\vector(0,-1){7.5}}
        \put (55,32.5){\vector(0,-1){7.5}}
        \put (15,12.5){\line(1,0){40}}
        \put (15,32.5){\line(1,0){45}}
        \put (63,32.5){\ldots}
        \put (53,22.5){\ldots}
      \end{picture}
      \caption{SCAR Help system}
      \label{scar_help_system}
    \end{center}
  \end{figure}
  
  \begin{figure}
    \begin{center}
      \begin{picture}(135,46)
        \thicklines
        \put (30,17){\line (1,0){20}}
        \put (50,17){\line (0,1){11}}
        \put (30,17){\line (0,1){3}}
        \put (30,20){\line (5,1){10}}
        \put (40,22){\line (1,6){1}}
        \put (41,28){\line (1,0){9}}
        \put (70,0){\framebox(20,5){MEMORY}}
        \put (70,20){\framebox(20,5){MAIN}}
        \put (70,40){\framebox(20,5){INPUT}}
        \put (110,20){\framebox(20,5){OUTPUT}}
        \put (50,22.5){\vector (1,0){20}}
        \put (90,22.5){\vector (1,0){20}}
        \put (80,40){\vector (0,-1){15}}
        \put (79,20){\vector (0,-1){15}}
        \put (81,5){\vector (0,1){15}}
        \put (41,19){VDU}
        \put (57.5,23.5){I,R}
        \put (98,23.5){W}
        \put (76,12.5){+}
        \put (82,12.5){--}
        \put (81,32.5){P,S}
        \put (0,40){\textbf{EDIT} mode:}
      \end{picture}
      \caption{Data flow in the editing process}
      \label{data_flow_in_the_editing_process}
    \end{center}
  \end{figure}

LATEX OUTPUT


PICT

Figure 2: SCAR Help system



PICT

Figure 3: Data flow in the editing process


  \begin{figure}
    \begin{center}
      \begin{picture}(150,90)
        \thicklines
        \put (20,70){\framebox(30,5){SYSTEM}}
        \put (0,55){\framebox(30,5){ACCOUNT}}
        \put (40,55){\framebox(30,5){ACCOUNT}}
        \put (40,45){\framebox(30,5){Directory}}
        \put (20,30){\framebox(30,5){File}}
        \put (60,30){\framebox(30,5){File}}
        \put (100,30){\framebox(30,5){Container File}}
        \put (100,20){\framebox(30,5){Object}}
        \put (80,5){\framebox(30,5){Object}}
        \put (120,5){\framebox(30,5){Object}}
        \put (15,65){\vector(0,-1){5}}
        \put (55,65){\vector(0,-1){5}}
        \put (55,55){\vector(0,-1){5}}
        \put (35,40){\vector(0,-1){5}}
        \put (75,40){\vector(0,-1){5}}
        \put (115,30){\vector(0,-1){5}}
        \put (95,15){\vector(0,-1){5}}
        \put (135,15){\vector(0,-1){5}}
        \put (90,32.5){\vector(1,0){10}}
        \put (100,32.5){\vector(-1,0){10}}
        \put (35,70){\line(0,-1){5}}
        \put (55,45){\line(0,-1){5}}
        \put (115,20){\line(0,-1){5}}
        \put (15,65){\line(1,0){40}}
        \put (35,40){\line(1,0){40}}
        \put (95,15){\line(1,0){40}}
        \put (15,55){\line(0,-1){1}}
        \put (15,53){\line(0,-1){1}}
        \put (15,51){\line(0,-1){1}}
        \put (20,80){\textbf{VMS File System}}
        \put (110,80){\textbf{HDS}}
      \end{picture}
      \caption{The relationship between VMS and HDS}
      \label{the_relationship_between_VMS_and_HDS}
    \end{center}
  \end{figure}

LATEX OUTPUT


PICT

Figure 4: The relationship between VMS and HDS


  \begin{figure}
    \begin{center}
      \begin{picture}(130,43)
        \thicklines
        \put (7,40){P(n)}
        \put (67,40){S(n)}
        \put (67,30){P(n)}
        \put (82,30){P(n)}
        \put (97,30){P(n)}
        \put (7,30){S(n)}
        \put (7,20){P(n)}
        \put (22,20){S(n)}
        \put (37,20){P(n,n,n)}
        \put (22,10){P(n)}
        \put (37,10){P(n)}
        \put (52,10){S(n,n)}
        \put (52,0){P(n)}
        \put (67,0){P(n,n,n,n)}
        \put (70,38){\line(0,-1){4}}
        \put (70,36){\line(1,0){30}}
        \put (85,36){\line(0,-1){2}}
        \put (100,36){\line(0,-1){2}}
        \put (10,28){\line(0,-1){4}}
        \put (10,26){\line(1,0){30}}
        \put (25,26){\line(0,-1){2}}
        \put (40,26){\line(0,-1){2}}
        \put (25,18){\line(0,-1){4}}
        \put (25,16){\line(1,0){30}}
        \put (40,16){\line(0,-1){2}}
        \put (55,16){\line(0,-1){2}}
        \put (55,8){\line(0,-1){4}}
        \put (55,6){\line(1,0){15}}
        \put (70,6){\line(0,-1){2}}
        \put (100,15){\textbf{KEY}}
        \put (90,10){S(n) --- Structure object}
        \put (90,5){P(n) --- Primitive object}
      \end{picture}
      \caption{Diagrams of Structure Objects}
      \label{diagrams_of_structure_objects}
    \end{center}
  \end{figure}

LATEX OUTPUT


PICT

Figure 5: Diagrams of Structure Objects


  \begin{figure}
    \begin{center}
      \begin{picture}(110,35)
        \thicklines
        \put (40,30){\framebox(30,5){SKY\_POSITION}}
        \put (40,25){\framebox(30,5){[equatorial]}}
        \put (0,10){\framebox(30,5){RA}}
        \put (0,5){\framebox(30,5){[\_char*12]}}
        \put (0,0){\framebox(30,5){‘10:59:17.20’}}
        \put (40,10){\framebox(30,5){DEC}}
        \put (40,5){\framebox(30,5){[\_char*12]}}
        \put (40,0){\framebox(30,5){‘47:23:15.00’}}
        \put (80,10){\framebox(30,5){EQUINOX}}
        \put (80,5){\framebox(30,5){[\_char*7]}}
        \put (80,0){\framebox(30,5){‘B1950.0’}}
        \put (15,20){\line(1,0){80}}
        \put (15,20){\vector(0,-1){5}}
        \put (55,25){\vector(0,-1){10}}
        \put (95,20){\vector(0,-1){5}}
      \end{picture}
      \caption{An Alternative Representation for SKY\_POSITION}
      \label{an_alternative_representation_for_sky_position}
    \end{center}
  \end{figure}
  
  \begin{figure}
    \begin{center}
      \begin{picture}(40,25)
        \thicklines
        \put (0,20){\framebox(40,5){parent RID}}
        \put (0,15){\framebox(25,5){reserve}}
        \put (25,15){\framebox(5,5){M}}
        \put (30,15){\framebox(5,5){Z}}
        \put (35,15){\framebox(5,5){A}}
        \put (0,10){\framebox(5,5){C}}
        \put (5,10){\framebox(15,5){class}}
        \put (20,10){\framebox(20,5){size}}
        \put (0,5){\framebox(40,5){domain (S) length}}
        \put (0,0){\framebox(40,5){domain (D) length}}
        \put (42,22){(24 bits)}
        \put (42,17){($5+1+1+1$ bits)}
        \put (42,12){($1+3+4$ bits)}
        \put (42,7){(8 bits)}
        \put (42,2){(32 bits)}
      \end{picture}
      \caption{Structure of a Record Control Label}
      \label{structure_of_a_record_control_label}
    \end{center}
  \end{figure}

LATEX OUTPUT


PICT

Figure 6: An Alternative Representation for SKY_POSITION



PICT

Figure 7: Structure of a Record Control Label


          Put this before the ‘begin{document}’ command:
  \providecommand {\radec}   {$[\alpha,\delta\,]$}
  \providecommand {\mhadec}  {$[-h,\delta\,]$}
  \providecommand {\azel}    {$[A,E\,]$}
  
          Put this in the main body of your text:
  \begin{figure}
    \begin{small}
      \begin{center}
        \begin{tabular}{|ccccc|}   \hline
          &                 &                                &                & \\
          & $\rightarrow$   &         MEAN \radec            &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &             $|$                &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &     J2000 FK5 MEAN \radec      &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &             $|$                &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &       annual aberration        &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &        light deflection        &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &      precession/nutation       &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &             $|$                &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          & $\rightarrow$   &         APPARENT \radec        &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &             $|$                &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &         Earth rotation         &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &             $|$                &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &        APPARENT \mhadec        &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &             $|$                &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &       diurnal aberration       &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &             $|$                &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &      TOPOCENTRIC \mhadec       &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &             $|$                &      20~Hz     & \\
          &                 &      \mhadec\ to \azel         &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &             $|$                &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          & $\rightarrow$   &       TOPOCENTRIC \azel        &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &             $|$                &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &          refraction            &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &             $|$                &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &        OBSERVED \azel          &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &             $|$                &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &      azimuth axis tilt         &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &             $|$                &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &         tube flexure           &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &   Az/El nonperpendicularity    &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 & position of instrument rotator &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &         pointing axis          &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &             $|$                &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          & $\rightarrow$   &          MOUNT \azel           &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &         $\downarrow$           &  $\downarrow$  & \\
          &                 &         \fbox{SERVO}           &                & \\
          &                 &          $\uparrow$            &   $\uparrow$   & \\
          &                 &    CORRECTED ENCODER \azel     &   $\uparrow$   & \\
          &                 &               $|$              &   $\uparrow$   & \\
          &                 &    gear \& centering errors    &      20n~Hz    & \\
          &                 &      encoder index errors      &   $\uparrow$   & \\
          &                 &         encoder errors         &   $\uparrow$   & \\
          &                 &               $|$              &   $\uparrow$   & \\
          &                 &       RAW ENCODER \azel        &   $\uparrow$   & \\
          &                 &                                &                & \\
          &                 &                                &                & \\
                                                                        \hline
        \end{tabular}
      \end{center}
    \end{small}
    \caption{The pointing flow}
    The set of transformations shown describes the relationship between the target
    position (one of those marked $\rightarrow$) and the required telescope encoder
    readings.  There are two major transformations: \radec\ to \mhadec, and \mhadec\
    to azimuth and elevation \azel.  The others are all minor.
  \end{figure}
  







MEAN [α, δ]
|
J2000 FK5 MEAN [α, δ]
|
annual aberration
light deflection
precession/nutation
|
APPARENT [α, δ]
|
Earth rotation
|
APPARENT [h, δ]
|
diurnal aberration
|
TOPOCENTRIC [h, δ]
| 20 Hz
[h, δ] to [A, E]
|
TOPOCENTRIC [A, E]
|
refraction
|
OBSERVED [A, E]
|
azimuth axis tilt
|
tube flexure
Az/El nonperpendicularity
position of instrument rotator
pointing axis
|
MOUNT [A, E]
SERVO
CORRECTED ENCODER [A, E]
|
gear & centering errors 20n Hz
encoder index errors
encoder errors
|
RAW ENCODER [A, E]






Figure 8: The pointing flow

The set of transformations shown describes the relationship between the target position (one of those marked ) and the required telescope encoder readings. There are two major transformations: [α, δ] to [h, δ], and [h, δ] to azimuth and elevation [A, E]. The others are all minor.


  \begin{figure}
    \begin{small}
      \begin{center}
        \begin{tabular}{|cccccc|}   \hline
          & & & & & \\
          \hspace{6em} & \hspace{6em} & \hspace{6em} &
             \hspace{6em} & \hspace{6em} & \hspace{6em}  \\
          \multicolumn{2}{|c}{\hspace{1em}\fbox{FK4, any eqnx}$\Leftarrow$} &
             \multicolumn{2}{c}{\hspace{1em}\fbox{FK4, no $\mu$, any eqnx}$\Leftarrow$} &
             \multicolumn{2}{c|}{\hspace{1em}\fbox{FK5, any eqnx}$\Leftarrow$} \\
          & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{} & \\
          \multicolumn{2}{|c}{space motion} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & &
             \multicolumn{2}{c|}{space motion} \\
          \multicolumn{2}{|c}{-- E-terms} &
             \multicolumn{2}{c}{-- E-terms} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & \\
          \multicolumn{2}{|c}{prec to B1950} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{prec to B1950} &
             \multicolumn{2}{c|}{prec to J2000} \\
          \multicolumn{2}{|c}{+ E-terms} &
             \multicolumn{2}{c}{+ E-terms} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & \\
          \multicolumn{2}{|c}{to J2000, no $\mu$} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
             \multicolumn{2}{c|}{} & \\
          \multicolumn{2}{|c}{parallax} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & &
             \multicolumn{2}{c|}{parallax} \\
          \multicolumn{2}{|c}{to J2000} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{to J2000, no $\mu$} &
             \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & \\
          & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{} & \\ \cline{2-5}
          \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{} & & & \\
          & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\fbox{FK5, J2000}} & & \\
          \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{} & & & \\ \cline{3-4}
          & & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{} & & \\
          & \multicolumn{2}{c}{to B1950, no $\mu$} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & & \\
          & \multicolumn{2}{c}{fictitious $\mu$} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & & \\
          & \multicolumn{2}{c}{-- E-terms} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & & \\
          & \multicolumn{2}{c}{prec to given eqnx} &
             \multicolumn{2}{c}{prec to given eqnx} & \\
          & \multicolumn{2}{c}{+ E-terms} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & & \\
          & & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{} & & \\
          & \multicolumn{2}{c}
             {\hspace{1em}\fbox{FK4, given eqnx, curr ep}$\leftarrow$}
             & \multicolumn{2}{c}
             {\hspace{1em}\fbox{FK5, given eqnx, curr ep}$\leftarrow$} & \\
          & & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{} & & \\
          & \multicolumn{2}{c}{-- E-terms} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & & \\
          & \multicolumn{2}{c}{prec to B1950} &
             \multicolumn{2}{c}{prec to J2000} & \\
          & \multicolumn{2}{c}{+ E-terms} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & & \\
          & \multicolumn{2}{c}{to J2000, no $\mu$} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & & \\
          & & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{} & & \\ \cline{3-4}
          \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{} & & & \\
          & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\fbox{FK5, J2000, curr ep}} & & \\
          \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{} & & & \\
          & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{light deflection} & & \\
          & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{annual aberration} & & \\
          & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{precession/nutation} & & \\
          \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{} & & & \\
          & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{$\Rightarrow$\fbox{Apparent}$\leftarrow$} & & \\
          & & & & & \\
          & & & & & \\ \hline
        \end{tabular}
      \end{center}
    \end{small}
    \caption{Transformations for mean \radec}
    The forms marked $\Rightarrow$ are those available for target data entry (target coordinates),
    a choice of four; the forms marked $\rightarrow$ are available for telescope control (tracking
  coordinates).  Pick one of each and follow the flow downwards.  The sequences down to the chosen
    tracking coordinates have only to be executed once per new target, but all the transformations
    from that level down have to be performed at the full pointing rate.
  \end{figure}








                                   
  FK4, any eqnx
  FK4, no μ, any eqnx
  FK5, any eqnx
space motion
space motion
– E-terms
– E-terms
prec to B1950
prec to B1950
prec to J2000
+ E-terms
+ E-terms
to J2000, no μ
parallax
parallax
to J2000
to J2000, no μ




FK5, J2000


to B1950, no μ
fictitious μ
– E-terms
prec to given eqnx
prec to given eqnx
+ E-terms
  FK4, given eqnx, curr ep
  FK5, given eqnx, curr ep
– E-terms
prec to B1950
prec to J2000
+ E-terms
to J2000, no μ


FK5, J2000, curr ep
light deflection
annual aberration
precession/nutation
Apparent







Figure 9: Transformations for mean [α, δ]

The forms marked are those available for target data entry (target coordinates), a choice of four; the forms marked are available for telescope control (tracking coordinates). Pick one of each and follow the flow downwards. The sequences down to the chosen tracking coordinates transformations from that level down have to be performed at the full pointing rate.


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LATEX OUTPUT

PICT