\expandafter\ifx\csname doTocEntry\endcsname\relax \expandafter\endinput\fi \doTocEntry\toclikesection{}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{1}{Q1-1-1}{}{Abstract}}{2}\relax \doTocEntry\toclikesection{}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{1}{x1-1000}{QQ2-1-2}{Abstract}}{2}\relax \doTocEntry\toclikesection{}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{1}{Q1-1-3}{}{Contents}}{2}\relax \doTocEntry\toclikesection{}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{1}{x1-2000}{QQ2-1-4}{Contents}}{2}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsection{1}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{2}{x2-30001}{QQ2-2-5}{\hbox {}Introduction}}{4}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{1.1}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{2}{x2-40001}{QQ2-2-6}{\hbox {}How to Use this Cookbook}}{4}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{1.2}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{2}{x2-50002}{QQ2-2-7}{\hbox {}Other Sources of Information}}{5}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsection{2}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{3}{x3-60002}{QQ2-3-8}{\hbox {}Simple 1-D and 2-D Spectra}}{6}\relax \doTocEntry\toclof{1}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{3}{x3-60011}{}{\ignorespaces Basic characteristics of a simple 1-D spectrum.}}{figure}\relax \doTocEntry\toclof{2}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{3}{x3-60022}{}{\ignorespaces A longslit 2-D spectrum produces a number of spectra for positions along the slit length.}}{figure}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsection{3}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{4}{x4-70003}{QQ2-4-11}{\hbox {}Preparing for Observation}}{13}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{3.1}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{4}{x4-80001}{QQ2-4-12}{What CCD Data Do You Need?}}{13}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{3.2}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{4}{x4-90002}{QQ2-4-13}{Detector Pre-processing}}{14}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{3.3}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{4}{x4-100003}{QQ2-4-14}{\hbox {}Flat Fields}}{14}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{3.4}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{4}{x4-110004}{QQ2-4-15}{1-D Spectrum Tracing or 2-D Frame De-rotation}}{14}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{3.5}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{4}{x4-120005}{QQ2-4-16}{Wavelength Calibration}}{15}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{3.6}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{4}{x4-130006}{QQ2-4-17}{Flux Calibration}}{15}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsection{4}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{5}{x5-140004}{QQ2-5-18}{\hbox {}Basic Steps in 1-D Data Reduction}}{16}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{4.1}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{5}{x5-150001}{QQ2-5-19}{\hbox {}Image Preparation}}{16}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsubsection{4.1.1}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{5}{x5-160001}{QQ2-5-20}{Software for CCD Data Preparation}}{17}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{4.2}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{5}{x5-170002}{QQ2-5-21}{\hbox {}Finding the Spectrum in the Image}}{17}\relax \doTocEntry\toclof{3}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{5}{x5-170013}{}{\ignorespaces A cross-section through a simple spectrum.}}{figure}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{4.3}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{5}{x5-180003}{QQ2-5-23}{\hbox {}Choosing the Object and Background Channels}}{20}\relax \doTocEntry\toclof{4}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{5}{x5-180014}{}{\ignorespaces Selecting object and background channels (left), and a similar case, with the right-hand background channel adjusted to avoid a feature on the slit (right).}}{figure}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{4.4}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{5}{x5-190004}{QQ2-5-25}{\hbox {}Tracing the Spectrum}}{23}\relax \doTocEntry\toclof{5}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{5}{x5-190015}{}{\ignorespaces Trace of a spectrum overlaid on the image.}}{figure}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{4.5}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{5}{x5-200005}{QQ2-5-27}{\hbox {}Flat Fielding}}{26}\relax \doTocEntry\toclof{6}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{5}{x5-200016}{}{\ignorespaces A section through a typical flat field for spectroscopy (left) and the same flat field after the large-scale curve has been divided out (right). Produced using \href {http://www.starlink.ac.uk/cgi-bin/htxserver/sun152.htx/sun152.html?xref_}{echomop\hbox {}}.}}{figure}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{4.6}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{5}{x5-210006}{QQ2-5-29}{\hbox {}Extracting the Spectrum}}{29}\relax \doTocEntry\toclof{7}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{5}{x5-210017}{}{\ignorespaces An extracted spectrum.}}{figure}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{4.7}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{5}{x5-220007}{QQ2-5-31}{\hbox {}Wavelength Calibration}}{32}\relax \doTocEntry\toclof{8}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{5}{x5-220018}{}{\ignorespaces Line Identification: a typical plot during interactive fitting with \href {http://www.starlink.ac.uk/cgi-bin/htxserver/sun152.htx/sun152.html?xref_}{\textbf {echmenu}}.}}{figure}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{4.8}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{5}{x5-230008}{QQ2-5-33}{\hbox {}Finishing Reduction}}{35}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsubsection{4.8.1}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{5}{x5-240001}{QQ2-5-34}{\hbox {}Flux Calibration \& Extinction Correction}}{35}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsubsection{4.8.2}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{5}{x5-250002}{QQ2-5-35}{\hbox {}Normalisation}}{36}\relax \doTocEntry\toclof{9}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{5}{x5-250019}{}{\ignorespaces Normalisation: the top spectrum is the normalised version of the lower spectrum. Note that the flux values in the uncorrected spectrum have been scaled and shifted for this plot.}}{figure}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsection{5}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{6}{x6-260005}{QQ2-6-37}{\hbox {}A Worked Example}}{40}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{5.1}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{6}{x6-270001}{QQ2-6-38}{Setting Up}}{40}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{5.2}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{6}{x6-280002}{QQ2-6-39}{\hbox {}Inspecting the Images}}{41}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{5.3}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{6}{x6-290003}{QQ2-6-40}{Locate the Spectrum}}{42}\relax \doTocEntry\toclof{10}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{6}{x6-2905710}{}{\ignorespaces Order location: a cross-dispersion section produced using \textbf {echmenu} Option\nobreakspace {}1 {\sl Start a reduction.}}}{figure}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{5.4}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{6}{x6-300004}{QQ2-6-42}{Tracing the Spectrum}}{46}\relax \doTocEntry\toclof{11}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{6}{x6-3002311}{}{\ignorespaces Trace fitting: a display of traced points versus fitted trace, produced using \textbf {echmenu} Option\nobreakspace {}3 {\sl Clip fitted traces.} The plot is labelled `Order 2' as this was the second order of an \'{e}chelle spectrum.}}{figure}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{5.5}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{6}{x6-310005}{QQ2-6-44}{Choosing the Object and Background Channels}}{49}\relax \doTocEntry\toclof{12}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{6}{x6-3100512}{}{\ignorespaces Finding the dekker-limits of the slit: a plot of a section through a flat field, produced using \textbf {echmenu} Option\nobreakspace {}4.1 {\sl Determine dekker extent.}}}{figure}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{5.6}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{6}{x6-320006}{QQ2-6-46}{Flat Fielding}}{52}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{5.7}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{6}{x6-330007}{QQ2-6-47}{Extracting the Spectrum}}{53}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{5.8}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{6}{x6-340008}{QQ2-6-48}{Looking at the Extracted Spectrum}}{53}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{5.9}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{6}{x6-350009}{QQ2-6-49}{\hbox {}Wavelength Calibration}}{54}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{5.10}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{6}{x6-3600010}{QQ2-6-50}{Normalising the Spectrum}}{56}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{5.11}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{6}{x6-3700011}{QQ2-6-51}{Output the Spectrum}}{57}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsection{6}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{7}{x7-380006}{QQ2-7-52}{\hbox {}Longslit (2-D) Data Reduction}}{58}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{6.1}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{7}{x7-390001}{QQ2-7-53}{\hbox {}Image Preparation}}{58}\relax \doTocEntry\toclof{13}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{7}{x7-3900113}{}{\ignorespaces A 2-D arc line image showing curvature along the spatial axis.}}{figure}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{6.2}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{7}{x7-400002}{QQ2-7-55}{\hbox {}Wavelength and curvature calibration}}{61}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{6.3}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{7}{x7-410003}{QQ2-7-56}{\hbox {}Scrunching}}{61}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{6.4}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{7}{x7-420004}{QQ2-7-57}{\hbox {}Flux calibration}}{61}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsection{7}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{8}{x8-430007}{QQ2-8-58}{\hbox {}A 2-D Worked Example}}{62}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{7.1}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{8}{x8-440001}{QQ2-8-59}{Setting Up}}{62}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{7.2}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{8}{x8-450002}{QQ2-8-60}{Inspecting the 2-D images}}{63}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{7.3}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{8}{x8-460003}{QQ2-8-61}{Arc line fitting}}{64}\relax \doTocEntry\toclof{14}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{8}{x8-4603114}{}{\ignorespaces An arc line spectrum with lines selected between the tram-lines.}}{figure}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{7.4}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{8}{x8-470004}{QQ2-8-63}{Arc line identification}}{68}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{7.5}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{8}{x8-480005}{QQ2-8-64}{Curvature correction}}{69}\relax \doTocEntry\toclof{15}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{8}{x8-4800115}{}{\ignorespaces An example Gaussian fit to an arc line spectrum.}}{figure}\relax \doTocEntry\toclof{16}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{8}{x8-4800216}{}{\ignorespaces The residuals with increasing order for a polynomial fit to the arc line curvature.}}{figure}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{7.6}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{8}{x8-490006}{QQ2-8-67}{Calibrating the wavelength axis}}{75}\relax \doTocEntry\toclof{17}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{8}{x8-4900117}{}{\ignorespaces The dispersion calibration control screen.}}{figure}\relax \doTocEntry\toclof{18}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{8}{x8-4900218}{}{\ignorespaces An example dispersion fit, displaying the polynomial used for the fit in the upper panel and the residuals in the lower panel.}}{figure}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{7.7}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{8}{x8-500007}{QQ2-8-70}{Scrunching}}{81}\relax \doTocEntry\toclof{19}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{8}{x8-5001319}{}{\ignorespaces The data frame, now calibrated and curvature corrected.}}{figure}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{7.8}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{8}{x8-510008}{QQ2-8-72}{Blaze correction}}{85}\relax \doTocEntry\toclof{20}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{8}{x8-5100920}{}{\ignorespaces The extracted quartz spectrum.}}{figure}\relax \doTocEntry\toclof{21}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{8}{x8-5105421}{}{\ignorespaces The calibrated data frame, corrected for the instrumental response.}}{figure}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsection{8}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{9}{x9-520008}{QQ2-9-75}{\hbox {}Cookies}}{92}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{8.1}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{9}{x9-530001}{QQ2-9-76}{\hbox {}How to Use the \textbf {echmenu} Parameter Editor}}{92}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{8.2}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{9}{x9-540002}{QQ2-9-77}{\hbox {}Looking at FITS Header Cards: Air Mass}}{93}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{8.3}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{9}{x9-550003}{QQ2-9-78}{\hbox {}Looking at FITS Header Cards: Wavelength Coverage}}{93}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{8.4}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{9}{x9-560004}{QQ2-9-79}{\hbox {}Looking at FITS Header Cards: CCD Characteristics}}{94}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{8.5}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{9}{x9-570005}{QQ2-9-80}{\hbox {}Problems Finding the Spectrum}}{95}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{8.6}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{9}{x9-580006}{QQ2-9-81}{\hbox {}Tracing Strategies}}{95}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{8.7}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{9}{x9-590007}{QQ2-9-82}{\hbox {}What if the Slit is More Than 21-Pixels Wide?}}{96}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{8.8}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{9}{x9-600008}{QQ2-9-83}{\hbox {}Better Flat-Field Models}}{96}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{8.9}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{9}{x9-610009}{QQ2-9-84}{\hbox {}Reviewing the Flat Field}}{96}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{8.10}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{9}{x9-6200010}{QQ2-9-85}{\hbox {}I Can't Recognise the Arc Spectrum}}{97}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsubsection{8.11}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{9}{x9-6300011}{QQ2-9-86}{\hbox {}Flux Calibration}}{97}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsection{9}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{10}{x10-640009}{QQ2-10-87}{\hbox {}Glossary}}{99}\relax \doTocEntry\toclikesection{}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{1}{Q1-1-88}{}{sstrefsectionReferences}}{110}\relax \doTocEntry\toclikesection{}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{1}{x1-650009}{QQ2-1-89}{References}}{110}\relax \doTocEntry\tocsection{}{\csname a:TocLink\endcsname{1}{Q1-1-90}{}{References}}{110}\relax \par